Spheres Of Influence By Lloyd Gardner - 880 Words

Lloyd Gardner’s book, Spheres of Influence, focuses on Roosevelt’s foreign policies, and relations with Great Britain and Russia, from 1938 to 1945. The book highlights the expansion of spheres of influence, from an empire of imperialism to hegemony, concentrating on the development and rivalrous objectives of the Allied leadership during World War II (WWII), and the need to temporarily divide Europe. According to Gardner, American involvement in WWII became necessary for the safety and future of the United Kingdom and Russia, leading to an internal war among leaders, the birth of the American way of empire, and the widespread movement of American cultural and economic power, creating new spheres of influence. Imperialism advertises exclusivity; it is the military, cultural and economic exportation of influence to other countries. Rooted in ‘American exceptionalism,’ the idea that the United States is different from other countries led by the mission to spread liberty and democracy, American imperialism creates an economy of desire, expanding its sphere of influence. The height of American imperialism supported expansion overseas, creating an American empire. In WWII, Germany bade for hegemony across Europe, and as Stalin and Churchill recognized as â€Å"a power to dominate the world.† Following WWII, the United States created hegemony, based on liberty and freedom, sustaining their economic, ideological soft-power, and spreading to countries like Cuba and theShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War By Bernard Baruch2097 Words   |  9 Pages seen by the First Red Scare, 1918-1920. Orthodox historians take the view the Cold War was caused by Soviet aggression or expansionism dictating American policy (Young, J., Kent, J 2013, pp.2 - 4). Stalin’s idea was to increase the USSR’s sphere of influence and dominate politics with the majority of Europe struggling financially. Orthodox historians look to COMECON 1949 and Com inform 1947, ways to control foreign states and to overthrowing of governments, such as Hungary, where around 350,000 HungarianRead MoreA Case Study Approach for Understanding Supply Chain Orientation in Indian Pharmaceutical Firms6805 Words   |  28 Pagesoverall performance of the organization, bolsters the need for organizations to understand the role of participative management and use of advanced information systems in supply chain to have meaningful contributions to overall performance and to influence decisions that affect the final work output that goes to the customer (Bhakar, Mishra and Dhar, 1999). An important component of developing and implementing successful customer service strategies is the capability of the firm to appropriately accessRead MorePeculiarities of Euphemisms in English and Difficulties in Their Translation19488 Words   |  78 PagesAmbiguity and Logic 9 CHAPTER II. SOURCES OF EUPHEMISMS 15 II.1. The Language of Political Correctness 15 II.2. Obscurity, Officialese,Jornalese, Commercialese 20 II.3. Vogue Words 24 II.4. Woolliness 27 II.5. Euphemisms Used in Different Spheres of Our Life 29 CHAPTER III. TRANSLATION OF EUPHEMISMS 34 III.1. Grammatical Difficulties in Translation 34 III.2. Lexical Difficulties in Translation of Euphemisms 36 III.3. Stylistic difficulties in translation of euphemisms 41 III.4Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand Moods 115 Selection 116 †¢ Decision Making 116 †¢ Creativity 116 †¢ Motivation 117 †¢ Leadership 117 †¢ Negotiation 117 †¢ Customer Service 118 †¢ Job Attitudes 119 †¢ Deviant Workplace Behaviors 119 †¢ Safety and Injury at Work 119 †¢ How Managers Can Influence Moods 120 Summary and Implications for Managers 121 Self-Assessment Library How Are You Feeling Right Now? 98 Self-Assessment Library What’s My Affect Intensity? 104 Myth or Science? We Are Better Judges of When Others Are Happy Than When They AreRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive Change 533 PART IV SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS 590 591 Read MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesCultures Emphasizing Interpersonal Relationship Values One of the most important determinants of employee retention is the organization’s culture. By investing in human resource practices that ultimately affect the organization’s culture, firms can influence retention. A longitudinal analysis examined the retention of 904 college graduates hired by public accounting firms over a six-year period. The study found a difference in retention related to the culture of the firms. For employees of firms withRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pageseconomies prospered. The pharmaceutical market developed some unusual characteristics. Decision making was in the hands of medical practitioners whereas patients (the ï ¬ nal consumers) and payers (governments or insurance companies) had little knowledge or inï ¬â€šuence. As a result, medical practitioners were insensitive to price but susceptible to the efforts of sales representatives. There were two important developments in the 1970s. First, the th alidomide tragedy (where an anti-emetic given for morning sickness

The Flaws of Standardized Testing Essays - 1416 Words

It is the one time of year when it seems all teachers, administrators, and even students are stressed. Parents are enforcing their kids to get to bed at a decent time, eat a healthy breakfast, and to not forget their number two pencils. It is TCAP testing time. Standardized testing has been a norm for over seventy-five years in almost every first- world country. From state regulated tests, to the â€Å"college-worthy† ACT and SAT, standardized tests have become a dreaded rite of passage for every student. The earliest record of standardized testing originates from China. It was created to test knowledge of Confucian poetry and philosophy for men applying for government jobs. In 1905 a man by the name of Alfred Binet created his own,†¦show more content†¦Teachers and administrators have yet to take the negative testing results and turn them into positive benefits for their schools. Standardized testing is not made to test every student. These tests often ask one sided, bias questions. Claims have been brought against standardized tests in court due to bias. How are they supposed to measure the ability of every student when every student is different? Students learn differently and preform differently depending upon the type of test given. Some students are stronger with essay questions, some with matching, and some with true and false. Some students could not even know the material but get a multiple choice question right through process of elimination. How is this a fair way to measure knowledge? It is not fair to the students that actually study for these tests and know the information required. Teachers strive for their students to score well because the score also reflects on their teaching. Teachers seem to no longer teach for students to learn material and retain knowledge but to â€Å"ace† tests. Some learn to teach according to the test. Students learn the information that is going to be on the test but do not necessarily fully understand the material they are learning. There are certain standards that have to be met with each test. In most states part of the scores reflect theShow MoreRelatedFlaws In Current Standardized Testing1147 Words   |  5 Pages The use of standardized tests is not something new. Everyone should know about their importance and the emphasis put on them, along with the stress that follows. There are multiple choice tests, high-stakes tests, and the dreaded time-limited tests. It is true to say not all tests are created equal; however, every one of these tests has serious flaws. Standardized tests are unfair because they fail to measure students abilities, they cause an unnecessary amount of stress, and there areRead MoreAlfie Kohn Literature Review Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pagesshow adequate yearly progress (AYP). Alfie Kohn points out that, in some cases, our students have become victim s of standardize testing. In his article, Standardized Testing and Its Victims (2000), he demonstrates how testing have become detrimental to our students instead of helping them. He outlines these detrimental issues with eight facts. Standardized testing has gotten out of control and has become more of a detriment to our students. Students are being forced to follow a curriculum thatRead MoreStandardized Testing And Its Effects On Students1194 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized Testing Rise and shine. Dress yourself and get to school. Sit through class after class while teachers try, to the best of their ability, to stuff bundles of knowledge into your head for the oh-so-important standardized tests. Go home and try to make sense of this sea of information for your good and your school’s. Repeat. This is the normal routine for students to undergo in order to reap acceptable grades on standardized tests. The cost of these tests aren t worth the so-calledRead MoreThe Effects Of Standardized Testing On Students Education System1194 Words   |  5 Pagesthe best of their ability, to stuff bundles of knowledge into your head for the oh-so-important standardized tests. Go home and try to make sense of this sea of information for your good and your school’s. Repeat. This is the normal routine for students to undergo in order to reap acceptable grades on standardized tests. The cost of these tests aren t worth the so-called benefits. Standardized testing is an ineffective tool in the education system because it is detrimental to students’ educationRead MoreStandardized Tests Are Not A Success1347 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized Tests are Not a Success Standardized testing has been ruling over the lives of students, making or breaking them in their education without fair judgement. Tests like the SAT and the ACT count for way too much when applying to colleges, which in turn limits the student s capabilities to thrive in an environment that would benefit them. There are many problems within a standardized test that deems them to be unreliable as a true test of knowledge. Although designed to test groups ofRead MoreSecurity Proplanation And Enumeration Protocol : Security Content Automation Protocol971 Words   |  4 PagesSecurity content automation protocol or SCAP is a suite of specifications that regulates the method for communicating software flaw and security configuration information between machines and humans. [1] It provides automated and standardized approach for implementing baseline security configurations, checking that the patches for security vulnerabilities exist, monitoring the system security, checking if system is compromised and being able to establish the exact the posture of security for a systemRead MoreStandardized Testing And Its Impact On The Classroom1633 Words   |  7 Pagessomething offensive. Microaggressions are even apparent in standardized testing and academia as test writers and teachers can unintentionally degrade students with a seemingly innocent statement. Standardized tests are allegedly supposed to test student’s knowledge of what they have learned or previously known. The tests also reflect the academic progress of the school to determine the quality of education that the school provides. Standardized tests seem to be an unbiased way of determining skill, butRead MoreEssay about Schools Must Reduce Their Use of Standard Tests728 Words   |  3 PagesLeft Behind and some sort of state-mandated standardized testing. Growing up in Pennsylvania, we had the PSSA’s, 4 Sights, and Keystone Exams. They always had felt trivial, but they did serve some purpos e as far as immediate impact to our school days. The use of standardized testing as a quantitative tool of measuring student’s performance took off in 2002 with the passing of the No Child Left Behind Act (â€Å"Standardized Tests,†2003). Standardized testing was part of the initiative to become the highestRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1177 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized testing is a no Growing up in Chesapeake every student is forced to take a standardized test at the end of every class they take. Standardized testing has been a part of the educational system for so long that everyone is just accustomed to taking these tests or giving them out. Standardized testing does not just effect the students but it also effects the teachers. Chesapeake School Board should get rid of standardized testing in all grade levels because of different learning styleRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing794 Words   |  4 Pageswhy school testing should happen more frequently and why parents and teachers should be less fearful of standardized tests. For educators and parents, testing means standardized testing: a tool wielded by politicians and administrators to terrify children and teachers. When cognitive psychologists hear the word testing, they think immediately of the testing effect — one of the best learning strategies. In this quote, the authors make a sep aration between testing and standardized testing. They bring

The Theory Of Education And Constructivism - 1587 Words

Two of the more prevalent theoretical frameworks used in education are constructivism and andragogy. Savicevic (1991) points out that the popularity of andragogy has spread among practitioners and researchers in many countries, including Hungary, England, Finland, France, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, and Russia (as quoted in Chan, 2010, p. 28). Constructivism, on the other hand, has become, as O’Neil (1992) observes, â€Å"a new catchword† among educators (as quoted in Oxford, 1997, p. 37). This view of education has come to dominate educational literature, according to Fox (2001), at least in Anglo-Saxon countries (p. 23) and has become one of the leading theoretical positions in education (Alt, 2015, p. 50). The ubiquity of these†¦show more content†¦In fact, it can be asserted that the principal tenets of andragogy are certainly consonant with the theory of constructivism. Further, Buchanan and Smith (1998) go so far as to state unambiguously, â⠂¬Å"Andragogy, the Freirian approach, and Tennant and Pogson’s (1995) processes all advocate practices in university classrooms that would effectively model constructivism† (p. 63). Knowles (1973) encapsulates his beliefs about andragogy in quite constructivist terminology, â€Å"As an individual matures, his need and capacity to be self-directing, to utilize his experience in learning, to identify his own readinesses to !earn, and to organize his learning around life problems, increases steadily from infancy to pre-adolescence, and then increasingly rapidly during adolescence† (p. 43). Andragogy emphasizes that adult learners need to know the purpose for learning something and that the facilitator must be involved in boosting the awareness level of the learners by offering them actual or simulated experiences in which â€Å"learners discover for themselves the gaps between where they are now and where they want to be† (Knowles, Holton, Swanson, 2011, p. 63). This fits well with the constructivist view that posits teachers as facilitators of learning, rather than transmitters of data, who present the learner experiences that bring to light inconsistencies

Stakeholder Relationship Management for SES Northern Beaches

Question: Discuss about theStakeholder Relationship Management for SES Northern Beaches. Answer: Introduction The Northern Beaches council stays committed and plans and collaborates with emergency services to ensure that the community is protected from risk. The council ensures protection of community from storms, floods and bushfires. Local Emergency Services and State Emergency Services provide service to Northern Beaches to handle emergency situation. The council ensures that the local community stay protected from bushfires The Northern Beaches cover an area of 257 square km and has hundreds of road and residential streets, so the community members need to be protected from road emergencies. The community members are also protected from floods and storms by agencies (Haddow, Bullock Coppola, 2017). The members of the community are an important stakeholder in this case, because the State Emergency Services of Northern Beaches want more engagement of community members like youth and working population to deal with emergency situation of Northern Beaches (northern beaches, 2017) Discussion Analysis of the stakeholders and the organizations relationships with the SES Northern Beaches Analysis of stakeholders involve the following steps-Identification of stakeholders by relationship to organization, prioritization of stakeholders based on their attributes, prioritization of the stakeholders based on their relationship to the situation and prioritization of stakeholders by communication strategy. Harrison and St. John identified the first three steps of stakeholder analysis (Bourne, 2016). The stakeholders of State Emergency Services Northern Beaches can be identified by their relationship to the organization in the following ways Step 1: Functional Linkages- These stakeholders of SES northern beaches help them in getting volunteers Step 2: Latent - Dormant Stakeholder- These stakeholders of SES Northern beaches have power to influence but to the influence is not related to priority in legal framework or urgent , hence power of these stakeholders remains unused. These stakeholders of SES northern beaches have a supportive role. Step 3: Inactive Public These stakeholders of SES Northern Beaches have less knowledge and demonstrate less involvement. Step 4: Advocate Stakeholders - SES needs their involvement with supportive actions. Adversarial stakeholders - SES should use strategies to seek win-win solutions. The RSL lifecare, Bupa Aged Care, Thompson healthcare Pty Ltd, Livingcare Forest Village, Australia house Nursing Home, Terrey Hills Nursing Home, Alexander Age Care, Ocean View Nursing Home, Wesley Nursing Services, sports clubs, doctors, local media like the Radio Northern beaches, The Manly Daily and the Karmic Ecology local business are some of the stakeholders of this case. The intervening public is the stakeholder of SES Northern Beaches who provide information to the priority public and play role of opinion leaders. Intervening publics, like doctors provide information on to patients and teachers provide information to students. The strength of relationships with intervening publics determine the success of several campaigns(emergency services, 2017) Stakeholders who are active publics and who contribute to the success of an organisation, or appeal to other stakeholders with that influence are considered priority public in strategies of communication. In the following table, the stakeholders of SES Northern Beaches are identified based on relationship to SES, prioritization by attributes, prioritization by situation and prioritization by communication (emergency services, 2017). Relationship to SES Prioritization by Attributes Prioritization by Situation Prioritization by Communication Strategy Functional Linkage: Volunteers Latent - Dormant Stakeholders Inactive Public Advocate Stakeholders Action indoor sports (1)(northern beaches, 2017). Montessori, kindergarten preschools (180) Schools (206) Dance Schools (50) Jr. rugby clubs (2) Jr Soccer cubs (4) Piano Lessons (5) Aquatic centers (3) ?Action indoor sports (1) ?Montessori, kindergarten preschools (180)( (schools, 2017) ?Schools (206) ?Dance Schools (50)(hospitals, 2017) ?Jr. rugby clubs (2) ?Jr Soccer cubs (4) ?Piano Lessons (5) ?Aquatic centers ?Action indoor sports (1) ?Montessori, kindergarten preschools (180) ?Schools (206) ?Dance Schools (50) ?Jr. rugby clubs (2) ?Jr Soccer cubs (4)(northern beaches, 2017). ?Piano Lessons (5) ?Aquatic centers ?Action indoor sports (1) ?Montessori, kindergarten preschools (180) ?Schools (206) ?Dance Schools (50) ?Jr. rugby clubs (2) ?Jr Soccer cubs (4) ?Piano Lessons (5) ?Aquatic centers (3) (northern beaches, 2017). Analysis of the communication issue and how stakeholders may be affected by theissue raised .The problem or opportunity presented. The knowledge, behavior and attitude of stakeholders are contingent on a number of situational factors. Problem recognition, level of involvement and constraint recognition are three main variables for engaging stakeholders in communication. The emergencies in Northern Beaches occur due to both natural and man-made events like landslides, fires, prolonged disruptions, building collapses, storms. The combat agencies for the emergency are Police and SES. The council supports these combat agencies through the Local Emergency Management officer. During an emergency, the Council supports frontline agencies like SES and act as a Local Emergency Operations Center. The Northern Beaches Local Emergency Management Plan ensures that there is compliance with the State Emergency and Rescue Management Act and the responsibilities of the responders and community partners are defined in the plan. The responses for disaster management are informed at region and state levels and support is coordinated between the community members who are affected by the disaster and combat agencies (Kim, 2014). The Problem Natural disasters have affected the Northern Beaches in the past and because of climate change the northern beaches will be prone to emergency situation. Images of damage in homes of Collaroy beach in 2016 due to extreme storms received widespread attention in media. There is other emergency situation like fire and building collapse and the State Emergency Services will be able to tackle this situation with a greater involvement of community members. Organizational communications review The Northern Beaches have a population of 266,000. The community members have an active lifestyle and the Northern Beaches council is committed to provide highest quality services to community members. The values of the Northern Beach council are to provide community members with safe, inclusive and connected lives balanced with the extraordinary environment. The Council provides access to information to community members by the Government Information (Public Access) Act 2009 (GIPA). The Council ensures to adopt an open communication model with active and proactive release of information in the following ways (northern beaches, 2017). 1) Open Access (Mandatory Proactive Release) - This information which include media releases, annual reports, meetings and agendas, Council Policies are available on the website of the council, customers can avail it free of cost. 2) Proactive Release- This information which is of public interest is provided to community members either free of cost or at minimal cost (Ulmer, Sellnow Seeger, 2013). 3) If the formal application of the community members to access information is refused, then the community members can lodge GIPA internal review form with the Northern Beaches Council within a span of 20 working days. A fee is applicable in this case. 4) More Information is available on Information and Privacy Commission (IPC) website. The Northern Beaches Council provides communication information to public by 1) Annual Report- This report communicates information to community members about how the Council is performing against goals which are outlined in Strategic Community Plans 2) Operational Plan which provides information about operations of the Council, policies and codes, strategies and plans to achieve long term goals and the records of the formal council are some of the vital information that is provided by Northern Beaches Council to community members. The Newsletters, media releases and Mayors message are communication strategies adopted by Council (northern beaches, 2017). The Listening techniques and methods to identify the stakeholderneed expectations, knowledge, attitude towards organization and behavior. The knowledge of the community and attitude about floods and storms in the costs of the Northern beaches was improved by the State Emergency Services and by the Northern Beaches Council by the strategy of Northern Beaches Flood and Coastal storm education. Disaster resilience was built within the community by SES with the help of an awareness program. The education program which was conducted between 2012 and 2016 was participatory and tailored. The Northern Beaches council collaborated with State Emergency services, Office of Environment and Heritage, Australian Red Cross, Fire and Rescue NSW, NSW police and Ku-ring-gai councils. Workshops related to hazards and the Northern Beaches All hazards historic photograph exhibition was conducted to identify the needs, expectations and attitudes of the community members, to raise awareness about natural disasters and to build community resilience. According to Leon Festingers Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, stakeholders seek internal consistency of emotions, attitudes, beliefs and values. Cognitive dissonance is very uncomfortable for stakeholders. The attitude and behavioral process of stakeholders are important. The stakeholders judge information to be irrelevant, relevant and consistent (consonant), relevant and inconsistent (dissonant). A message is not trusted by the stakeholders if it is in contrast with the predisposition of the stakeholders. Stakeholders will avoid and ignore inconsistent information; stakeholders only listen to information which is in consistent to their beliefs. The three factors that counteract cognitive dissonance are perceived usefulness of information, perceived fairness, curiosity, interest and value of information. Post-decision dissonance is heightened by three conditions like importance of the issue, length of the time a stakeholder delays choosing in between two attractive options and the greater the difficulty in reversing the decision the more is the agonize of the stakeholders(northern beaches, 2017). The SES emergency services ensure to adopt the cognitive dissonance theory in the hazard workshops, educational programs and all other programs that plan to build resilience among members of the community. Critique of the PR actions of the organization The SES and Northern Beach council conduct workshops for communities like Emergency Panning for Childrens Services and Emergency Planning for aged care facilities. The SES collaborates with Ku-ring- gai councils community programs and the community resilience program of the Australian Red Cross community. The public relations of the Northern Beaches council and the state emergency services ensure that the community members learn about the local emergency planning agencies. The community members who participated in the workshop were able to discuss issues related to emergency planning with local representatives of the State Emergency Services. During the workshop, scenarios are presented by the State Emergency services which provide an opportunity for staffs of child care center and aged care facility to learn to cope with emergency situation. Activity books and senior booklets were provided to community members during these events to boost their confidence and enhance their resilienc e to cope up with emergency situation (Lee et al., 2013). Exhibitions related to Floods, fires and storms are curated by local artist Cherry Corr. The curator delivered nine-pop up photographic exhibitions to community members of Northern Beaches. During the exhibition, photos of floods, fire and storms that affected the Northern Beaches since the beginning of the 20th century was shown to the community members and it was demonstrated to them how SES prepares to handle such emergency services (northern beaches, 2017). PR programs like mystery photo competition and drawing activity for children are conducted by Northern Beaches Council and SES to understand the perception of this group of community members regarding emergency situation There was significant rainfall recently which caused flooding of the Narrabeen lagoon. A workshop was conducted by SES after this which helped community members to view the emergency services of SES on the site of flood. This exhibition increased the awareness of community members about extreme weather conditions and enhanced community resilience. The Northern Beaches Council and SES also focus on conducting local resilience conference which is attended by various organizations and eminent speakers across the globe. Identification of the long term principles and ethics underlying public relations decisionsmade in this case and their implications for ongoing stakeholder relationships. The State Emergency services and map where the vulnerable population of Northern Beaches is located who are at an increasing risk to be affected by natural disasters. The Northern Beaches Council and the State Emergency Services conduct an analysis of the emergency services provided to community members. This analysis is aimed to understand whether the needs of the community members are adequately met (northern beaches, 2017). It is ensured that the public relations decision related to delivering emergency services cover every member of the vulnerable group who are at a risk of natural and man-made disasters. The Northern Council and the State Emergency Services conduct several projects of public relation. The output of these projects defines people with vulnerabilities and specific hazards. The Northern Council and State Emergency Services develop maps and tables to accurately locate community members, who are at high risk of disasters (Millener et al., 2013). Comment on the state of the organizations reputation before and after the problemor opportunity presented itself. The Northern Council and State Emergency services ensure that community members are protected from hazards and emergency situation. However, the range of services is still not sufficient for vulnerable members of the community, the services provided by the SES and Northern Council do not reach the members who are at need at proper time. The services delivered by the Northern Beaches Council and SES should require more collaboration and coordination of services (northern beaches, 2017). This collaboration will ensure that the hazard and emergency services developed by SES is more comprehensive. The strategies will reduce duplication in services delivered by SES. Also, the efficiencies and outcomes of the emergency services require improvement to enhance the reputation of the State Emergency services and to facilitate community engagement (Smith, 2013). Conclusion It can be concluded that the Northern Beaches Council and SES conduct several programs to ensure more community involvement and to build community resilience which help community members to handle emergency situation. There are several PR activities like workshops and conferences which are conducted by SES to increase awareness about emergency situation among community members. However these services do not reach all members who are at risk of disaster and thus a more collaborative effort from SES and Northern Beach council is required in the process of service delivery. Reference Lists Bourne, L. (2016).Stakeholder relationship management: a maturity model for organisational implementation. CRC Press. emergency services. (2017).emergency.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 30 October 2017, from https://www.emergency.nsw.gov.au/media/280/1168/_/wg9q0qhbztl9gks48w/State+Recovery+Co-ordinators+Report+-+June+2016+East+Coast+Low.pdf Grunig, J. E. (Ed.). (2013).Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Haddow, G., Bullock, J., Coppola, D. P. (2017).Introduction to emergency management. Butterworth-Heinemann. Kim, Y. (2014). Strategic communication of corporate social responsibility (CSR): Effects of stated motives and corporate reputation on stakeholder responses.Public Relations Review,40(5), 838-840. Lee, C., Lewis, B., Shankie-Williams, N., Mitchell, D. (2013). Towards a Resilient Sydney-climate change adaptation planning for Sydney. InProceedings from State of Australian Cities Conference. Millener, D., Howley, D., Galloway, M., Leszcznski, P. (2013, May). Flash Flood Warning System for Sydneys Northern Beaches. Flooplain Management Association Conference, Tweed Heads NSW. northern beaches. (2017).northernbeaches.nsw.gov.au/. Retrieved 30 October 2017, from https://www.northernbeaches.nsw.gov.au/ Smith, R. D. (2013).Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Ulmer, R. R., Sellnow, T. L., Seeger, M. W. (2013).Effective crisis communication: Moving from crisis to opportunity. Sage Publications.